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nmap (“Network Mapper“) is an open-source tool for network exploration and security auditing. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine to scan single hosts. nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. While nmap is commonly used for security audits, many systems and network administrators find it useful for routine tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime.
The output from nmap is a list of scanned targets, with supplemental information on each depending on the options used. Key among that information is the “interesting ports table”. That table lists the port number and protocol, service name, and state. The state is either open, filtered, closed, or unfiltered.
Open means that an application on the target machine is listening for connections/packets on that port.
Filtered means that a firewall, filter, or other network obstacle is blocking the port so that nmap cannot tell whether it is open or closed.
Closed ports have no application listening on them, though they could open up at any time. Ports are classified as unfiltered. when they are responsive to nmap’s probes, but nmap cannot determine whether they are open or closed. nmap reports the state combinations open|filtered and closed|filtered when it cannot determine which of the two states describe a port. The port table may also include software version details when version detection has been requested. When an IP protocol scan is requested (-sO), nmap provides information on supported IP protocols rather than listening ports.
In addition to the interesting ports table, nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, operating system guesses, device types, and MAC addresses.
Changelog Nmap 7.92:
[Windows] Upgraded Npcap (our Windows raw packet capturing and transmission driver) from version 1.00 to the latest version 1.50. You can read about the dozens of performance improvements, bug fixes and feature enhancements at https://npcap.org/changelog.
[Windows] Thanks to the Npcap 1.50 upgrade, Nmap now works on the Windows ARM architecture so you can run it on lightweight and power-efficient tablets like the Microsoft Surface Pro X and Samsung Galaxy Book Go. More ARM devices are on the way along with the upcoming Windows 11 release. See the Npcap on ARM announcement at https://seclists.org/nmap-announce/2021/2.
[Windows] Updated our Windows builds to Visual Studio 2019, Windows 10 SDK, and the UCRT. This prevents Nmap from working on Windows Vista and earlier, but they can still use older versions of Nmap on their ancient operating system.
New Nmap option –unique will prevent Nmap from scanning the same IP address twice, which can happen when different names resolve to the same address. [Daniel Miller]
[NSE][GH#1691] TLS 1.3 now supported by most scripts for which it is relevant, such as ssl-enum-ciphers. Some functions like ssl tunnel connections and certificate parsing will require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later to fully support TLS 1.3. [Daniel Miller]
[NSE] Added 3 NSE scripts, from 4 authors, bringing the total up to 604! They are all listed at https://nmap.org/nsedoc/, and the summaries are below:
[GH#2201] nbns-interfaces queries NetBIOS name service (NBNS) to gather IP addresses of the target’s network interfaces [Andrey Zhukov]
[GH#711] openflow-info gathers preferred and supported protocol versions from OpenFlow devices [Jay Smith, Mak Kolybabi]
port-states prints a list of ports that were found in each state, including states that were summarized as “Not shown: X closed ports” [Daniel Miller]
Several changes to UDP payloads to improve accuracy:
[GH#2269] Fix an issue with -sU where payload data went out-of-scope before it was used, causing corrupted payloads to be sent. [Mariusz Ziulek]
Nmap’s retransmission limits were preventing some UDP payloads from being tried with -sU and -PU. Now, Nmap sends each payload for a particular port at the same time without delay. [Daniel Miller]
New UDP payloads:
[GH#1279] TS3INIT1 for UDP 3389 [colcrunch]
[GH#1895] DTLS for UDP 3391 (RD Gateway) [Arnim Rupp]
[NSE][GH#2208][GH#2203] SMB2 dialect handling has been redesigned. Visible changes include:
Notable improvement in speed of script smb-protocols and others
Some SMB scripts are no longer using a hardcoded dialect, improving target interoperability
Dialect names are aligned with Microsoft, such as 3.0.2, instead of 3.02 [nnposter]
[GH#2350] Upgraded OpenSSL to version 1.1.1k. This addresses some CVE’s which don’t affect Nmap in a material way. Details: https://github.com/nmap/nmap/issues/2350
Removed support for the ancient WinPcap library since we already include our own Npcap library (https://npcap.org) supporting the same API. WinPcap was abandoned years ago and it’s official download page says that “WE RECOMMEND USING Npcap INSTEAD” for security, stability, compatibility, and support reasons.
[GH#2257] Fix an issue in addrset matching that was causing all targets to be excluded if the –excludefile listed a CIDR range that contains an earlier, smaller CIDR range. [Daniel Miller]
Upgrade the Windows NSIS installer to use the latest NSIS 3 (version 3.07) instead of the previous NSIS 2 generation.
Setting –host-timeout=0 will disable the host timeout, which is set by -T5 to 15 minutes. Earlier versions of Nmap require the user to specify a very long timeout instead.
Improvements to Nmap’s XML output:
If a host times out, the XML <host> element will have the attribute timedout=”true” and the host’s timing info (srtt etc.) will still be printed.
The “extrareasons” element now includes a list of port numbers for each “ignored” state. The “All X ports” and “Not shown:” lines in normal output have been changed slightly to provide more detail. [Daniel Miller]
[NSE][GH#2237] Prevent the ssl-* NSE scripts from probing ports that were excluded from version scan, usually 9100-9107, since JetDirect will print anything sent to these ports. [Daniel Miller]
[GH#2206] Nmap no longer produces cryptic message “Failed to convert source address to presentation format” when unable to find useable route to the target. [nnposter]
[Ncat][GH#2202] Use safety-checked versions of FD_* macros to abort early if number of connections exceeds FD_SETSIZE. [Pavel Zhukov]
[Ncat] Connections proxied via SOCKS4/SOCKS5 were intermittently dropping server data sent right after the connection got established, such as port banners. [Sami Pönkänen]
[Ncat][GH#2149] Fixed a bug in proxy connect mode which would close the connection as soon as it was opened in Nmap 7.90 and 7.91.
[NSE][GH#2175] Fixed NSE so it will not consolidate all port script output for targets which share an IP (e.g. HTTP vhosts) under one target. [Daniel Miller]
[Zenmap][GH#2157] Fixed an issue where a failure to execute Nmap would result in a Zenmap crash with “TypeError: coercing to Unicode” exception.
Nmap no longer considers an ICMP Host Unreachable as confirmation that a target is down, in accordance with RFC 1122 which says these errors may be transient. Instead, the probe will be destroyed and other probes used to determine aliveness. [Daniel Miller]
[Ncat][GH#2154] Ncat no longer crashes when used with Unix domain sockets.
[Ncat][GH#2167][GH#2168] Ncat is now again generating certificates with the duration of one year. Due to a bug, recent versions of Ncat were using only one minute. [Tobias Girstmair]
[NSE][GH#2281] URL/percent-encoding is now using uppercase hex digits to align with RFC 3986, section 2.1, and to improve compatibility with some real-world web servers. [nnposter]
[NSE][GH#2174] Script hostmap-crtsh got improved in several ways. The most visible are that certificate SANs are properly split apart and that identities that are syntactically incorrect to be hostnames are now ignored. [Michel Le Bihan, nnposter]
[NSE] Loading of a Nikto database failed if the file was referenced relative to the Nmap directory [nnposter]
[GH#2199] Updated Nmap’s NPSL license to rewrite a poorly-worded clause abiyt “proprietary software companies”. The new license version 0.93 is still available from https://nmap.org/npsl/. As described on that page, we are also still offering Nmap 7.90, 7.91, and 7.92 under the previous Nmap 7.80 license. Finally, we still offer the Nmap OEM program for companies who want a non-copyleft license allowing them to redistribute Nmap with their products at https://nmap.org/oem/.
[NSE] Script smb2-vuln-uptime no longer reports false positives when the target does not provide its boot time. [nnposter]
[NSE][GH#2197] Client packets composed by the DHCP library will now contain option 51 (IP address lease time) only when requested. [nnposter]
[NSE][GH#2192] XML decoding in library citrixxml no longer crashes when encountering a character reference with codepoint greater than 255. (These references are now left unmodified.) [nnposter]
[NSE] Script mysql-audit now defaults to the bundled mysql-cis.audit for the audit rule base. [nnposter]
[NSE][GH#1473] It is now possible to control whether the SNMP library uses v1 (default) or v2c by setting script argument snmp.version. [nnposter]
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By itsMe
Hello guys, i dont know if this is the right for make questions.. im trying to discover open ports in macos system, but is not posible.
i tried with -sP and mac block the ping.. i tried with others options that i was looking in google and no way...
I cant see the opens ports... someone has some idea about?
thank you very much.
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