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The terms "dark web" and "deep web" are often used interchangeably, but they actually refer to different things. The deep web refers to any part of the internet that is not indexed by search engines, and therefore not easily accessible through a typical web browser. This includes things like online banking systems, government databases, and academic journals that require a login or subscription to access. These are not necessarily illegal or nefarious, but they are not publicly accessible. The dark web, on the other hand, is a small part of the deep web that requires special software and configurations to access. It is often associated with illegal activities, such as the sale of drugs, weapons, and stolen data, as well as criminal organizations and hacking groups. While not all activity on the dark web is illegal, it is generally considered to be a more dangerous and risky part of the internet due to the anonymity it provides to users. Accessing the dark web can also pose significant risks to your online security and privacy, as it is often used by cybercriminals to carry out their activities. Furthermore, even if you have legitimate reasons to access the dark web, such as for research or journalism, it is important to take necessary precautions to protect your identity and devices. It is always best to use caution and good judgement when accessing any part of the internet, and to be aware of the potential risks and consequences.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is connection-oriented, meaning once a connection has been established, data can be transmitted in two directions. TCP has built-in systems to check for errors and to guarantee data will be delivered in the order it was sent, making it the perfect protocol for transferring information like still images, data files, and web pages. But while TCP is instinctively reliable, its feedback mechanisms also result in a larger overhead, translating to greater use of the available bandwidth on your network. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a simpler, connectionless Internet protocol wherein error-checking and recovery services are not required. With UDP, there is no overhead for opening a connection, maintaining a connection, or terminating a connection; data is continuously sent to the recipient, whether or not they receive it. Although UDP isn’t ideal for sending an email, viewing a webpage, or downloading a file, it is largely preferred for real-time communications like broadcast or multitasks network transmission. Differences between TCP and UDP TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, whereas UDP is a connectionless protocol. The speed for TCP is slower while the speed of UDP is faster. TCP uses handshake protocols like SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK while UDP uses no handshake protocols. TCP does error checking and also makes error recovery, on the other hand, UDP performs error checking, but it discards erroneous packets. TCP has acknowledgment segments, but UDP does not have any acknowledgment segments. TCP is heavy-weight, and UDP is lightweight. TCP vs UDP Speed The reason for UDP’s superior speed over TCP is that its non-existent ‘acknowledgment’ supports a continuous packet stream. Since a TCP connection always acknowledges a set of packets (whether or not the connection is totally reliable), retransmission must occur for every negative acknowledgment where a data packet has been lost. But because UDP avoids the unnecessary overheads of TCP transport, The reason for UDP’s superior speed over TCP is that its non-existent ‘acknowledgment’ supports a continuous packet stream. Since a TCP connection always acknowledges a set of packets (whether or not the connection is totally reliable), retransmission must occur for every negative acknowledgment where a data packet has been lost. But because UDP avoids the unnecessary overheads of TCP transport, it’s incredibly efficient in terms of bandwidth, and much less demanding of poor-performing networks, as well.

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